An interdisciplinary approach to reservoir characterisation; an example from the early to middle Eocene Kaimiro Formation,Taranaki Basin,New Zealand     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Kaimiro Formation is an early to middle Eocene, NE-SW trending reservoir fairway in Taranaki Basin, and comprises a range of coastal plain through to shallow marine facies. A time of regional transgression is observed across the Paleocene–Eocene transition, which is linked to a general global warming trend and to regional thermal relaxation-related subsidence in New Zealand. The earliest Eocene transgressive deposits pass upwards into a series of cyclically stacked packages, interpreted as 3rd and 4th order sequences. Maximum regression occurred within the early Eocene and was followed by punctuated retrogradational stacking patterns associated with shoreline retreat and subsequent regional transgression in the middle Eocene.The Kaimiro Formation is considered a good reservoir target along most of the reservoir fairway, which can largely be attributed to a consistently quartz-rich, lithic-poor composition and reasonably coarse sand grain size. Correlations demonstrate that within the early Eocene the main reservoir facies are channel-fill sandstones overlying candidate sequence boundaries in paleoenvironmentally landward (proximal) settings, and upper shoreface/shoreline sandstones in relatively basinward (distal) settings. Middle Eocene reservoir facies are not represented in distal wells due to overall transgression at this time, yet they form a significant target in more proximal well locations, particularly on the Taranaki Peninsula.Depositional facies is one of the principal controls on sandstone reservoir quality. However, while reservoir facies have been proven along the length of the reservoir fairway, it is evident that diagenesis has significantly impacted sandstone quality. Relatively poor reservoir properties are predicted for deeply buried parts of the basin (maximum burial >4.5 km) due to severe compaction and relatively abundant authigenic quartz and illite. In contrast, good reservoir properties are locally represented in reservoir facies where present-day burial depths are <4 km due to less severe compaction, cementation and illitisation. Within these beds (<4 km) the presence of locally occurring authigenic grain-coating chlorite (shallow marine facies) and/or well-developed secondary porosity are both favourable to reservoir quality, while pervasive kaolinite and/or carbonate are both detrimental to reservoir quality.These results illustrate how an interdisciplinary approach to regional reservoir characterisation are used to help reduce risk during prospect evaluation. Assessment of both reservoir distribution and quality is necessary and can be undertaken through integrated studies of facies, sequence stratigraphy, burial modelling and petrography.  相似文献   

Quantitative impact of diagenesis on reservoir quality of the Triassic Chang 6 tight oil sandstones,Zhenjing area,Ordos Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Upper Triassic Chang 6 sandstone, an important exploration target in the Ordos Basin, is a typical tight oil reservoir. Reservoir quality is a critical factor for tight oil exploration. Based on thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), stable isotopes, and fluid inclusions, the diagenetic processes and their impact on the reservoir quality of the Chang 6 sandstones in the Zhenjing area were quantitatively analysed. The initial porosity of the Chang 6 sandstones is 39.2%, as calculated from point counting and grain size analysis. Mechanical and chemical compaction are the dominant processes for the destruction of pore spaces, leading to a porosity reduction of 14.2%–20.2% during progressive burial. The porosity continually decreased from 4.3% to 12.4% due to carbonate cementation, quartz overgrowth and clay mineral precipitation. Diagenetic processes were influenced by grain size, sorting and mineral compositions. Evaluation of petrographic observations indicates that different extents of compaction and calcite cementation are responsible for the formation of high-porosity and low-porosity reservoirs. Secondary porosity formed due to the burial dissolution of feldspar, rock fragments and laumontite in the Chang 6 sandstones. However, in a relatively closed geochemical system, products of dissolution cannot be transported away over a long distance. As a result, they precipitated in nearby pores and pore throats. In addition, quantitative calculations showed that the dissolution and associated precipitation of products of dissolution were nearly balanced. Consequently, the total porosity of the Chang 6 sandstones increased slightly due to burial dissolution, but the permeability decreased significantly because of the occlusion of pore throats by the dissolution-associated precipitation of authigenic minerals. Therefore, the limited increase in net-porosity from dissolution, combined with intense compaction and cementation, account for the low permeability and strong heterogeneity in the Chang 6 sandstones in the Zhenjing area.  相似文献   

超深层砂岩粘土矿物特征及其对储层物性的定量控制作用——以库车前陆冲断带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例          下载免费PDF全文

张荣虎王俊鹏  唐雁刚赵建权 曾庆鲁 《地质科学》2017,(4):1340-1355

库车前陆冲断带超深层储层是当前天然气勘探开发的重要领域, 具有特低孔、特低渗-低渗, 裂缝-孔隙型, 测试高产储集特征。 为揭示储层中粘土矿物的特征及其对储层演化、储层性质的控制作用, 本文以大量微观实验分析（X 衍射、扫描电镜、激光共聚焦扫描、 铸体薄片、高压压汞）为依据, 研究表明：主要的粘土矿物含量为 5%～12%, 矿物类型以伊利石、伊蒙混层为主, 其次为绿泥石, 成因以成岩早期沉积水体继承性沉淀及成岩中晚期长石质次生溶蚀产物为主;砂岩中早期沉积型粘土矿物主要富集于三角洲前缘水下河道砂体的侧缘、水道砂体的顶底面附近, 其形成粘土薄膜可有效抑制超深层储层早中成岩期硅质、长石质次生加大, 保存基质孔隙, 不同期粘土杂基也可提供大量矿物晶间微孔隙, 微孔隙度可达 1%～4%, 是天然气的主要储集空间之一;粘土矿物是降低储层渗透率的主控因素, 6%～ 9%的粘土矿物含量（尤其是伊利石及伊蒙混层）可降低超深层储层渗透率 10～100 倍, 使渗透率总体为 0.01×10 ^-3 μm ² ～0.1×10 ^-3 μm ² 。 粘土矿物含量及赋存特征：早期长期（130～23 Ma）浅 埋（< 3 000 m）期储集性能保存良好, 晚期（23 Ma 左右）深埋（> 3 000 m）期基质渗透性急剧降低, 总体致密化（< 0.1×10 ^-3 μm ² ）, 这是研究区的关键因素。 粘土矿物的特征及其分布对评价砂岩储集性质, 预测超深层天然气有利储层的分布具有重要地质意义。  相似文献   

北京密云水库小流域非点源污染负荷估算   总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42  

王晓燕  王晓峰  汪清平  王振刚  蔡新广 《地理科学》2004,24(2):227-231

根据不同类型的非点源污染发生区,选择若干径流小区,进行降雨、径流量、径流水质同步监测,分析不同土地利用类型小区地表径流和泥沙中氮、磷的流失情况。根据地貌特征和土地利用情况,利用通用土壤流失方程和SCS法分别计算不同土地利用类型区土壤侵蚀量和径流量,分析氮、磷的流失特点。结果表明:坡耕地和荒草坡单位面积土壤流失量比较严重;村庄中溶解态氮的流失量最多;村庄和坡耕地是氮、磷流失的重点区域。  相似文献   

二龙山水库水环境保护研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王宏 《地理科学》2004,24(1):122-126

文章在对二龙山水库水源地环境现状进行系统分析的基础上,划分水源地保护区,确定水质保护目标;并以此为依据,对水源地的水环境容量及主要污染物削减量进行了分析和研究,提出了二龙山水库水源地主要污染物总量控制目标及保护对策。  相似文献   

亚热带河口区水库DOC和DIC浓度时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨平  唐晨  陆苗慧  张林海  Yang Hong  仝川  吕敏 《湖泊科学》2021,33(4):1123-1137

沿海水库汇聚并埋藏着大量的碳,是全球碳循环的重要区域.水体溶解有机碳(DOC)和溶解无机碳(DIC)的生物地球化学行为是水库碳循环研究的重要组成部分,对其系统生物过程和生态环境变化具有重要的影响.为了解亚热带河口区文武砂水库表层水体DOC和DIC的时空分布特征,本研究于2018年11月、2019年3月和6月分别对库区表层水进行多空间点位采样分析.结果表明,研究期间,文武砂水库表层水体DOC和DIC浓度变化范围分别介于0.10～21.13和0.38～34.94 mg/L,其均值分别为(4.09±0.18)和(15.83±0.24) mg/L,最大值分别出现在夏季和秋季;空间分布趋势,整体表现为北库区南库区,且由库区周边的浅水区向库区中心的深水区域呈现出递减的趋势;浮游植物光合作用强度是影响库区DOC和DIC浓度的季节变化的重要因素,而外源污染输入强度是引起库区DOC和DIC浓度空间变化的重要因素.本文结果扩展对水库碳循环的认知,对提高水库水质也提供了有益参考.  相似文献   

动态调水过程水文和理化因子共同驱动丹江口水库库湾浮游植物季节变化     

闫雪燕  张鋆  李玉英  蒋叶青  崔真真  高肖飞  吴乃成  Fohrer Nicol  韩雪梅 《湖泊科学》2021,33(5):1350-1363

丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程水源地,库湾是水库型湖泊水质安全敏感区,动态调水过程库湾水质直接关系到调水安全.为探究动态调水过程中丹江口水库库湾浮游植物季节变化规律和驱动因子,2018年7月—2019年7月,从丹库入库口到渠首调水口,按季节对18个样点进行水质和浮游植物群落组成分析.从整个丹库来看,浮游植物全年总丰度变化范围为0.43×10~3～4.7× 10~6 cells/L,夏季最高,秋季最低;Shannon-Wiener指数春季最高,秋季最低.春季群落为硅藻—绿藻型,夏季为绿藻—硅藻型,秋季为蓝藻型,冬季为蓝藻—绿藻—硅藻型,秋季蓝藻相对丰度最高.位于丹库准保护区内的库湾胡寨,秋季水体电导率、总氮、总磷和叶绿素a浓度最大,蓝藻丰度最高.从入库口经库湾到调水口,浮游植物群落组成存在明显演替.从水文因子来看,秋季水库水位较高,调水流速和流量增加,线性回归分析表明,水位对ShannonWiener指数的影响最为明显,水位越高则多样性指数越低;流量和流速与Shannon-Wiener指数也呈负相关,但相关性较低.方差分解分析发现,水文因子和理化因子共同影响了浮游植物群落组成;偏Mantel分析显示3个库湾浮游植物群落组成与水温、氧化还原电位、化学需氧量、总氮和总磷浓度相关;典范对应分析也表明,总氮是影响库湾浮游植物群落组成最显著的环境因子.人类干扰活动改变了库湾水质理化性质,强干扰提高了蓝藻门丰度.因此,控制库湾人类干扰强度,尤其在水位和调水量较高的秋季,对于改善水体藻类组成、保护整个丹江口水库水质具有重要意义.  相似文献   

盘古梁长6油层组高分辨率层序地层分析对比   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张义楷  孙伟 《煤田地质与勘探》2006,34(2):5-8

用高分辨率层序地层学的理论和方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地中部志丹县盘古梁长6油层组进行了研究,并对其作了长期、中期、短期基准面旋回的划分。结果表明,长6油层组可识别的短期旋回类型,有向上变深的不对称旋回两种,向上变浅的不对称旋回一种;中期的基准旋回可识别出7个,长期的基准面旋回有3个。最后对基准面旋回对比与传统的沉积旋回对比的方法、过程、分界面的选取标准、对比结果之间的差异及优劣进行了探讨。   相似文献   

应用相干技术和孔隙度反演技术进行储层预测--以四川盆地DFC构造为例     

熊艳  巫芙蓉  蒋骥  张孟 《海相油气地质》2005,10(2):57-60

运用相干分析和孔隙度反演对四川盆地DFC构造的下三叠统嘉二1至嘉一段储层进行了裂缝和孔隙度预测,并给出了有利储层分布。DFC构造发育两条主要断层,其相干异常分为四类:条带状、线状、团块状、点状。带状或线状异常沿断层分布,比较发育,是断层或裂缝的反映;团块状异常较发育,但方向性不强,可能是地下溶洞、溶孔、微细裂缝密集地带或多组小规模断裂交织而成的破碎带的综合响应,还可能是储层物性变化所致。DFC构造的储层,平均孔隙度相对较低,大部分为2%左右,属Ⅳ类储层,少部分为Ⅲ类,只有与裂缝、溶洞相结合才能形成有效储层。  相似文献   

柯坪地区下志留统储层性质及控制因素   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张惠良  王招明  张荣虎  李宇平  朱国华  李玉文  孙丽霞  沈扬  杨晓宁 《海相油气地质》2005,10(2):23-30

野外露头浅钻取样分析发现,柯坪地区志留系下统柯坪塔格组的储层性质与塔北及塔中地区差别较大。柯坪地区的砂岩储层以粉细粒岩屑砂岩为主,处于晚成岩A2期,孔隙度主要为2%~6%,平均4.47%,渗透率主要为(0.01~0.1)×10-3μm2,平均0.06×10-3μm2,属于特低孔特低渗储层,而塔北及塔中地区以低孔低渗和中孔中渗为主。研究表明柯坪地区成岩压实、石英次生加大是储层物性的主控因素,储层经历长期深埋藏和短期浅埋藏,使成岩压实减孔率达30.4%;胶结作用所减少的孔隙量一般为1.5%~8%,致密胶结段可达10%~11%,石英次生加大所减少的孔隙量一般2%~4%,致密胶结段可达6%~8%;溶蚀作用及次生裂缝对储层物性改善不大,一般增孔量4%左右;成岩中后期强烈挤压构造运动对储层性质有重要影响。储层演化史表明晚二叠世、晚白垩世—早第三纪是油气聚集成藏期,随后遭后期构造运动破坏,油气逸散或发生氧化作用,柯坪塔格组含沥青砂岩即是这一过程的产物。  相似文献